摘要 : 2017年7月26日，國際頂尖學(xué)術(shù)期刊《Science》旗下《Science Advances》雜志上在線發(fā)表了日本農(nóng)業(yè)和食品產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)綜合研究機(jī)構(gòu)野田尚信等人利用轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)第一次在世界上培育出一種“真正藍(lán)色”的菊花。

2017年7月26日，國際頂尖學(xué)術(shù)期刊《Science》旗下《Science Advances》雜志上在線發(fā)表了日本農(nóng)業(yè)和食品產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)綜合研究機(jī)構(gòu)野田尚信等人利用轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)第一次在世界上培育出一種“真正藍(lán)色”的菊花。

藍(lán)色花卉給人高貴、冷艷的感覺，但人們常見的觀賞花卉卻少見藍(lán)色。自然界中的天然藍(lán)色花卉通常產(chǎn)生被稱為花翠素的藍(lán)色色素。但此前研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，利用人工方法讓常見觀賞花卉含有花翠素，培育出的不是藍(lán)色花，而是紫色或紫羅蘭色花。

野田尚信等人此次的新方法涉及兩種基因。首先，他們把藍(lán)色風(fēng)鈴草的一種基因“插”入菊花，修改花翠素讓花朵呈紫色;然后，他們“插”入來自蝶豆花的第二種基因，這種基因給花翠素增加了一種糖分子，結(jié)果菊花就變成了“真正的藍(lán)色”。

“這是此前從未報(bào)告過的發(fā)現(xiàn)，”研究人員在論文中寫道，“這種簡(jiǎn)單方法是培育各種觀賞植物開藍(lán)色花的一種很有前景的途徑?！?/span>

原文鏈接：

Generation of blue chrysanthemums by anthocyanin B-ring hydroxylation and glucosylation and its coloration mechanism

原文摘要：

Various colored cultivars of ornamental flowers have been bred by hybridization and mutation breeding; however, the generation of blue flowers for major cut flower plants, such as roses, chrysanthemums, and carnations, has not been achieved by conventional?breeding or genetic engineering. Most blue-hued flowers contain delphinidin-based anthocyanins; therefore, delphinidin-producing carnation, rose, and chrysanthemum flowers have been generated by overexpression of the gene encoding flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H), the key enzyme for delphinidin biosynthesis. Even so, the flowers are purple/violet rather than blue. To generate true blue flowers, blue pigments, such as polyacylated anthocyanins and metal complexes, must be introduced by metabolic engineering; however, introducing and controlling multiple transgenes in plants are complicated processes. We succeeded in generating blue chrysanthemum flowers by introduction of butterfly pea UDP (uridine diphosphate)–glucose:anthocyanin 3′,5′-O-glucosyltransferase gene, in addition to the expression of the Canterbury bells F3′5′H. Newly synthesized 3′,5′-diglucosylated delphinidin-based anthocyanins exhibited a violet color under the weakly acidic pH conditions of flower petal juice and showed a blue color only?through intermolecular association, termed “copigmentation,” with flavone glucosides in planta. Thus, we achieved the development of blue color by a two-step modification of the anthocyanin structure. This simple method is a promising approach to generate blue flowers in various ornamental plants by metabolic engineering.